Updated 2007 Jul 15 Crater Amundsen A is the same as H|%ederv|%ari; the creater Gravning in the crossids file was an error and has been deleted. Updated 2006 Oct 7 New 2006 approvals: Ryder, plus STS-107 crew Corrected typo: Gum C to Gum S IAU now uses Fridman, not Fridmann - the change is a more accurate transliteration. Christel and Krishna: IAU now changed them from Crater to Vallis Crater Sung-Mei has been deleted; Rima Sung-Mei remains. Corrected typos of locations of Hertzsprung H, Webb P, Pons P, Pons N. Longitude of Deluc L is incorrect in AW82; corrected in the main Craters file. Marinus D is the same crater as Harlan; Vernadskiy B is Florensky. Updated 2006 Apr 10 New craters added for STS-107 crew, final IAU approval still pending. Updated 2004 Mar 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. General comments In the master list, I have used the data for the IAU list (IAU WGPSN 2004, Blue 2004) for unlettered craters. For lettered craters, I have used the data in Andersson and Whitaker 1982 (AW82), except that I have changed the orthography to match that of the preferred spellings in the IAU list, for example Ceraski K -> Tseraskiy K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. IAU spelling changes pre 1982 8 craters whose spelling was changed prior to AW82 by the IAU but for which the changes were rejected by AW82 on the grounds that the older versions were more familiar and established in the literature. The IAU spellings have been used in this list. Bellingshausen -> Bellinsgauzen Ceraski -> Tseraskiy Engelhardt -> Engel'gardt Friedmann -> Fridmann (Note 2006: now changed again to Fridman) Hanskiy -> Ganskiy Lenz -> Lents L\:utke -> Litke Sternberg -> Shternberg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. IAU spelling changes post 1982 6 craters changed since AW82, which I am sure the authors of AW82 would also have objected to: Bernouilli -> Bernoulli Hero -> Heron Lippman -> Lippmann Noether -> N|:other Walter -> Walther Widmanstatten -> Widmannst|:atten I have adopted the IAU spellings rather than the AW82 spellings, although personally I think AW82 are right and the earlier spellings should be reinstated. The large crater at 33S 1E, orginally spelt Valtherus by Riccioli and later Walter, is now spelt Walther. In a remarkably stupid move sure to cause confusion, a different, much smaller crater has since been given the name Walter. AW82 also uses the following spelling which I have not adopted: (Sierpinski -> Sierpi|%nski) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Lower case in surname prefixes where appropriate I have adopted AW82's spellings for the following: D'Alembert -> d'Alembert D'Arrest -> d'Arrest D'Arsonval -> d'Arsonval De La Rue -> de la Rue De Moraes -> de Moraes De Morgan -> de Morgan De Roy -> de Roy De Sitter -> de Sitter De Vico -> de Vico De Vries -> de Vries La Caille -> la Caille La Condamine -> la Condamine La P\%erouse -> la P\%erouse Le Gentil -> le Gentil Le Monnier -> le Monnier Le Verrier -> le Verrier Ten Bruggencate-> ten Bruggencate Van den Bergh -> van den Bergh Van der Waals -> van der Waals Van Gent -> van Gent Van Maanen -> van Maanen Van Wijk -> van Wijk Von der Pahlen -> von der Pahlen Von Neumann -> von Neumann Von Zeipel -> von Zeipel Note that not all such names have been changed; individuals of French, German and Dutch descent living in English speaking countries sometimes capitalize the prefixes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Special cases: The crater Eppinger, whose name was revoked in 2002, was originally Euclides D. I have restored that name. Note that the crater Greaves appears in AW82 under its correct name and also under its old name of Lick D. For non-craters, I have adopted the traditional nomenclature of AW82 in which the "Mons" is omitted for mountains Pico, Piton, R|:umker, Gruithuisen Gamma/Delta, Hadley Delta, rather than the IAU version with Mons added. I have used Rimae Herigonius and Opelt (IAU) rather than Rima Herigonius and Opelt (AW82). Two pairs of small craters Alan and Delia, and Krishna and Manuel, have identical positions in the IAU list. No position is given in AW82. Higher accuracy coordinates are needed to distinguish them. (Note added 2006 Oct: Krishna has now been redefined as a valley (Vallis Krishna) rather than a crater. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Diacritical marks The USGS version of the IAU list uses | as an escape character to denote diacritical marks. This encoding appears to be an internal USGS convention (Blue 2004). I haven't found a key to these codes, but it appears that: USGS TeX Mark |% \' Acute accent |` \` Grave accent |^ \^ Circumflex |: \" Umlaut |v \v Caron, |u \u Breve (used for Romanian a and Korean u,o marks) |, \c Cedilla with d,s |~ \~ Tilde |- \= Macron (overbar) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Discoverers and dates of approval. The two final columns are references (see Refs file); the first is to the first identification of the feature under any name (essentially the "discovery" of the feature) and the second is to the application (or official approval post 1961) of the current name to the feature. If a feature is named 'Barkla' in 1979 but has been known under other names for centuries, to merely record 1979 as its only associated date loses important information. I regard the 'discovery' of a feature as the first publication discussing the feature as a single identified thing. The second reference column asks 'when did the feature officially become called by this name?'. The trick here is the qualification 'officially'; in the USGS/IAU gazetteer this is simply the IAU approval date, starting in 1935 with NLF. I take a less formal and more pragmatic approach, and consider a name official if it was used in a widely accepted lunar map prior to NLF and later made canonical by NLF or IAU; thus for those of Riccioli's features which have retained their names, the approval date is considered to be 1651 and not 1935. This approach emphasizes the antiquity of nomenclature of features such as Geminus compared to those such as Babbage. I also consider certain NASA documents, particularly AW82, to be 'official' even if not IAU-official, on the grounds that (the USSR contributions notwithstanding) NASA led most lunar exploration and cartography in the 1960-1990 period. (The lettered craters were re-approved by IAU in 2006, but some schools of thought claim they were considered IAU-approved before this). Since I am primarily interested in surface features rather than nomenclature for its own sake, in contrast to Whitaker 1999, I give no credit to the use of a name on one feature if it has been moved to another. Specifically, the fact that Schmidt 1878 used Bunsen for one crater would (if I knew which crater) give it an 1878 entry in that feature's discoverer column, but would not affect the nomenclature approval column for either that crater or the current Bunsen crater, approved by IAU 1964. Much work remains to be done for farside and lettered craters, particularly for the 'discovery' date. Someone needs to go through the 19th-century atlases, NLF and SLC to determine the first use for each of the nearside lettered craters; for now they are all marked as 'NLF?'. For the farside craters, lettered and otherwise, someone needs to go through the early farside maps and catalogs and identify the current names with early designations to see when features were first identified. All the farside lettered craters are given 'AW82' in the approval ref column, but are left blank in the discovery column since at least some of them appeared in pre-AW82 compilations as numbered features. In this version of the list, 'N' in the final column denotes new nomenclature since AW82. 'X' denotes Group 3 features in AW82. These might eventually be replaced by proper references if I ever get around to it. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. New names The identifications in Appendix U of Whitaker 1999 have been included in the crossids file. By comparison of positions and diameters in IAU and AW82 I infer that Sternfeld = Lodygin G, there being no Lodygin B in AW82. Similarly, Yakovkin = Pingr|%e H, not A. Both Amundsen and H|%ederv|%ari are in the IAU list, with overlapping but not coincident positions, although Appendix U claims they are identical. 9. Apollo landing site features -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have not followed the IAU convention of marking all Apollo landing site names as 'LF'. Rather, craters are marked as craters and included in the crater list; other features are marked as Mons, Rima etc. as best I can determine; some generic features are marked as Location. I distinguish between Location - "some random place we give a name to" - and Site - landing site of a spacecraft. So Columbia Memorial Station on Mars is a Site, while Adirondack Rock is a Location (I don't think you can really argue it is a Mons :-), although Grissom Hill probably is). 10. Deleted names -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A number of features have been renamed, especially lettered craters. The Crossids file gives these correspondences. Most of the "deleted features" (category 6, names in []) in IAU were never formally approved and are not included in this list. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11. References Andersson, L.E. and Whitaker, E.A., 1982 (AW82), NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature, NASA RP-1097. Blue, J, 2004, personal communication. IAU WGPSN, 2004, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/, accessed Jan 2004 and Oct 2006. Whitaker, E.A., 1999, Mapping and Naming the Moon.