Jonathan's Space Report No. 852 2025 Jan 5 Somerville, MA, USA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 2025 annual summary is at https://planet4589.org/space/papers/space25.pdf I'm trying new mailing list software - hope it works! ISS ---- Expedition 73 continues. On Nov 25 the Canadarm-2 robot arm unberthed Cygnus NG-23, holding it away from ISS to provide clearance for an upcoming Soyuz docking. On Nov 27 Soyuz MS-28 was launched from Baykonur pad 31/6 carrying astronauts Kud'-Sverchkov, Mikaev and Williams. Soyuz MS-28 docked with the ISS Rassvet module at 1234 UTC. Pad 31/6 was seriously damaged during the launch; a service structure broke off and fell into the flame trench. This is likely to significantly postpone future Soyuz-MS and Progress-MS launches. On Dec 2 the NRCSD-29 cubesats were deployed from the Kibo module. On Dec 9 at 0141 UTC Soyuz MS-27 undocked from the Prichal module to return astronauts Ryzhikov, Zubritskiy and Kim to Earth. The ship's descent module landed in Kazakhstan at 0503 UTC. On Dec 29 at 1739 UTC, Dragon CRS-33 performed a 1.6m/s ISS reboost burn. Chinese Space Station --------------------- Shenzhou 22 was launched on 2025 Nov 25, to provide a new ferry ship to the CSS after Shenzhou 20 was declared suspect. It docked at the Tianhe forward port at 0750 UTC Nov 25. On Dec 9 Zhang Lu and Wu Fei made a spacewalk from the Wentian module in the new Feitian suits, D and E. They inspected the damage to the Shenzhou-20 window and installed more debris panels on the station. The hatch was open from 0228 to 1045 UTC. Starlink launches ------------------ Starlink Group 6-78 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Nov 21 from Kennedy. Starlink Group 6-79 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Nov 22 from Canaveral. Starlink Group 11-30 (28 Ku sats) was launched on Nov 23 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 6-86 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 1 from Kennedy. Starlink Group 15-10 (27 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 2 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 6-95 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 2 from Canaveral Starlink Group 11-25 (28 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 4 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 11-15 (28 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 7 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 6-92 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 8 from Kennedy. Starlink Group 15-11 (27 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 10 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 6-90 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 11 from Kennedy. Starlink Group 15-12 (27 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 14 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 6-82 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 15 from Canaveral. Starlink Group 6-99 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 17 from Kennedy. Starlink Group 15-13 (27 Ku sats) was launched on Dec 17 from Vandenberg. Starlink Group 6-88 (29 Ku sats) was launched on Jan 4 from Canaveral. On Dec 17, one of the Group 11-30 satellites, Starlink 35956 (66629, 2025-271N), suffered a failure, with venting of the propulsion tank and release of some debris objects. Nevertheless, on-orbit imaging of it by another satellite owned by Vantor (former Maxar Intelligence) shows it to be largely intact. Transporter-15 --------------- At 1844 UTC Nov 28, SpaceX launched a Falcon 9 from Vandenberg with the Transporter-15 rideshare mission. It deployed over a hundred payloads in a 511 x 514 km orbit, then manuvered to a 562 x 591 km orbit to release Taiwan's Formosat-8A. The second stage then performed a deorbit burn, and NASA's R5-S7 payload separated from it on a suborbital trajectory. Other Falcon 9 launches ------------------------ On Dec 9 SpaceX launched USA 590, an INTRUDER-class LEO signals intelligence satellite for the US National Reconnaissance Office. The launch was designated NROL-77. On Jan 3 SpaceX launched COSMO Skymed Second Generation FM3, an Italian X-band radar spy sat, from Vandenberg. CALT launches ------------- On Nov 21 CALT launched a CZ-3B from Xichang with the Tongxin Jishu Shiyan 21 satellite. TJS is a cover name for several unrelated series of military geostationary and elliptica orbit satellites. This one appears to be a successor to TJS 13, and by Dec 10 it was in a 2106 x 38258 km x 63.3 deg Molniya orbit. On Nov 30 CALT launched a CZ-7A from Wenchang. It placed the SJ-28 sat in geotransfer orbit. By Dec 17 SJ-28 was in GEO at 116.8E. On Dec 6 CALT launched a CZ-8A from Hainan Commercial, placing Weixing Hulianwang Digui 14 zu weixing in orbit (9 sats). On Dec 9 CALT launcnhed a CZ-3B from Xichang carrying the Tongxing Jishu Shiyan Weixing 22 (TJS 22) military satellite to geotransfer orbit. On Dec 20 CALT launched a CZ-5 from Wenchang with the Tongxing Jishu Shiyan Weixing 23 (TJS 23) military satellite to geotransfer orbit. On Dec 25 CALT launched a CZ-8A from Hainan CLS with Weixing Hulianwang Digui 17 zu weixing (SatNet LEO Group 17). On Dec 26 CALT launched a CZ-3B from Xichang with the Fengyun 4-03 (4C) geosync weather satellite. On Dec 30 CALT launched a CZ-7A from Wenchang with the SJ-29A and SJ-29B satellites for 'target detection'. SAST launches --------------- On Dec 8 SAST launched a CZ-6A from Taiyuan, placing Weixing Hulianwang Digui 15 zu weixing (5 sats) in orbit. On Dec 9 SAST launched a CZ-4B from Jiuquan, placing the Yaogan 47 military imaging sat in orbit. On Dec 12 SAST launched a CZ-12 from Hainan Commercial, placing Weixing Hulianwang Digui 16 zu weixing (9 sats) in orbit. On Dec 16 SAST launched a CZ-4B from Taiyuan, placing the Zi Yuan 3-04 imaging sat in orbit. On Dec 23 SAST launched the first CZ-12A from Jiuquan. CZ-12A is very different from CZ-12, in that it has methalox engines and a recoverable first stage. The first stage recovery failed, but the second stage reached orbit with a dummy payload. On Dec 30 SAST launched a CZ-4B from Jiuquan placing the Tianhui-7 mapping satellite in orbit. Chinese commercial launches ---------------------------- The Chinese company Landspace launched the first test flight of its Zhuque-3 rocket, a methalox Falcon 9 competitor. The first stage made a reentry burn and attempted a downrange landing, but an explosion at engine re-ignition caused the vehicle to crash. The second stage successfully reached orbit with a non-separating dummy payload. EXPACE launched a Kuaizhou-1A on Dec 5 with two Jiaotong VDES satellites. CAS Space launched a Lijian-1 (aka Kinetica-1) on Dec 10, placing a cluster of satellites in orbit: UAE-813 for the UAE Space Agency, a 260 kg sat with a hyperspectral imaging payload; mission developed by IMICAS and UAE University SPNeX for the Egyptian Space Agency, a 6U cubesat with an ionospheric research payload; Slippers2Sat for the Nepali organization APN, a 1U student cubesat; Jilin-1 Gaofen 07B01, 07C01 and 07D01, imaging sats for Changguang Satellite; Dongpo-15 for Meishan Huantian Smart Tech Co. Ltd.; Yixian-A (R) for Sun Yat-Sen University, a 3U cubesat; and Yuxing-2-09, owner not clear. On Dec 12 at about 0330:18 UTC one of the satellites, tracked by the US as object 66993 (maybe the UAE-813 sat) appears to have come dangerously close to Starlink 6079, as noted by Michael Nicholls of SpaceX. As pointed out by CAS Space, two days after launch is beyond the window usually used for predicting launch related risks. Unfortunately US tracking data were not available in time for SpaceX to do an avoidance burn. Nevertheless, I am glad to report that US Space Force did provide public TLE data for this 9-satellite launch by Dec 12, notably faster than such launches have been cataloged in recent times. This incident emphasizes how important it is for operators - including Chinese operators - to provide public orbit ephemeris data for their satellites. I urge all spacefaring countries to cooperate on making orbit data public. EXPACE launched a Kuaizhou-11 on Dec 13 with the Dier-5 recoverable microgravity satellite for Ziwei Tech. It also deployed CAST's Xi Wang 5 Phase 2, which is testing Earth observing technology and apparently not an amateur radio satellite in the the existing Xi Wang series. Russian launches ------------------ On Nov 25 Russia launched an Angara-1.2 from Plesetsk. It placed three Rodnik military communications sats in orbit. On Dec 25 Russia launched the first Obzor-R X-band radar satellite on a Soyuz-2-1a from Plesetsk. On Dec 28 Russia launched a Soyuz rideshare mission from Vostochniy with 52 satellites. The primary payloads were the Aist-2T No. 1 and No. 2 imaging satellites. The other payloads are believed to include: Marafon No. 1 and No. 2, NPO-PM/MAI IoT comm satellites Grifon No. 1 to 4, 16U imaging sats from Novosibirsk State U. Aist-ST, an 16U experimental X-band radar sat Polytech-Univers-6, a 16U cubesat from St. Peterburg Poly. Skorpion, 16U cubsat from MGU (Moscow State U.) Lobachevskiy, 16U cubesat from Lobachevskiy U (Nizhniy Novgorod) and Geoskan CSTP-3.10, a 16U cubesat from STTs SCH-619, SM-3.1, VM-3.1 and Ansat-1, 3U cubesats from STTs (St Peterburg) Vladivostok-2, 8U cubesat from DVFU (Far Eastern Federal U., Vladivostok) and STTs Zorkiy-2M Nos. 3,5 and 7, 12U imaging sats from Sputniks Khors No. 5, 8U cubesat from Bauman MGTU MorSat-1, 6U cubesat from Amur State U., Blagoveshchensk Mokha-1, Eya-2 and Argus-312, 3U cubesats for drone communications from NPO Kaisant, Moscow SITRO-AIS-57 to 65, 3U AIS cubesats from SITRO/Sputniks SITRO-TD-3 and 4, 3U IoT cubesats from SITRO/Sputniks SakhaCube-Cholbon, 1U cubesat from Maliy AN Yakutia (Sakha Junior Academy of Science, Yakutia) Mule-4T, a 3U cubesat from OKB-5P (Design Bureau 5th Generation), deploying 4 TriSats Trisat-1 to 4 from OKB-5P, 0.5 kg, 0.3 x 0.1 x 0.01m folded to a triangular prism to fit four in a 1U deployer; one of the four is QUBESat-1 for the University of Qatar and another is for Moscow IT company RVDS Luca, a 1U cubesat from Montenegro Space Research QMR-KWT-2, a 1U cubesat for Orbital Space Kuwait Kowsar-1.5, a 30 kg test satellite from Space Omid, Iran Paya, a 150 kg imaging satellite from IEI, Iran Zafar-2, a 90 kg low resolution imaging satellite from IUST, Iran NASBSat-1, a 6U ionospheric research cubesat from the Belarus Academy of Sciences NASBSat2, a 12U imaging sat from the Belarus Academy of Sciences UTE-Galapagos, a 1U cubesat from UTE Ecuador in collaboration with YuZGU, Kursk DCS-1, unknown cubesat, probably a 1U from Sputniks. No orbital data from the launch are available at this writing. Nuri ---- On Nov 26 South Korea launched the fourth Nuri rocket from the Naro Space Centre, placing the CAS-500-3 satellite and twelve cubesats in orbit. VV28 ----- Arianespace launched Vega-C VV28 on Dec 1 with Korea's Kompsat-7 high resolution imaging satellite. Rocket Lab launches -------------------- On Nov 20 Rocket Lab launched an Electron from Mahia with a secret commercial payload, later revealed to be the third BlackSky Gen3 imaging satellite. It was placed in a 42 deg orbit. Rocket Lab launched Electron flight 77 on Dec 14 from Mahia with JAXA's 110 kg RAISE technology test satellite. Rocket Lab launched Electron flight 78 on Dec 18 from Pad 0C at the Mid Atlantic Regional Spaceport, Wallops Island, Virginia with the STP-S30 payload, the Aerospace Corp.'s four DiskSats. Rocket Lab launched Electron flight 79 on Dec 21 from Mahia with iQPS' QPS-SAR-15 radar sat. ULA --- The newly rebranded Amazon LEO project flew the Atlas LA04 (Amazon LEO Atlas-4) mission, launched on 2025 Dec 16 with Atlas V 551 flight AV-111 from Canaveral. 27 Amazon Leo (formerly Kuiper) satellites were deployed. I note that Amazon uses the spelling "Amazon Leo", not "Amazon LEO", completing the semantic/orthographic shift from the abbreviation LEO (Low Earth Orbit) to a proper noun "Leo" meaning low Earth orbit (and etymologically unrelated to the homographic constellation name). I expect "GEO" to make the same shift to lexicality in the fullness of time. Ariane ------ Arianespace launched Ariane flight VA266, launched L6004, on Dec 17 carrying two more EU Galileo navigation sats to a medium Earth orbit. MHI --- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries launched an H3 from Tanegashima on Dec 22, but the second stage lost pressure during its first burn. The first burn ran long and the parking orbit restart failed. The second stage and the QZS navigation satellite were left in a low parking orbit. The US Space Force issued an `analyst object' orbit for temporary catalog number 85420 in a 109 x 440 km x 30 deg orbit; the orbit's groundtrack is a close match for the expected time and direction of the H3 and I am confident it is associated with this launch. That low perigee orbit implies H3/QZS has probably already reentered. Observations of a reentering object from Chile around 0400 UTC Dec 22 are probably associated with the launch and suggest that the rocket (and payload) reentered at second perigee. It is unclear whether or not the payload separated from the rocket before the two reentered. As of Dec 23, Space Force has not given the launch an international designation, and I am provisionally assigning it launch designation 2025-U06 ('U' for the unnumbered launches, see https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/web/intro/u.html ) INNOSPACE --------- South Korea's INNOSPACE made its first orbital launch attempt on Dec 23 with the HANBIT-NANO from the Brazilian launch site Alcantara. The rocket crashed into the ground and exploded about a minute after launch. Five cubesats were aboard. I am assigning the designation 2025-F09 to the launch. AST Space Mobile ---------------- On Dec 24 NSIL/ISRO launched LVM3 flight M6 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, placing AST Space Mobile's BlueBird-6 (BlueBird Block-2 FM1) direct-to-cell comms satellite in orbit. The satellite has a mass of around 5850 kg and carries 20 kg of Xe prop for its electric propulsion system. It will deploy a large phased array antenna 15 x 15m in size and is expected to be one of the brightest objects in the night sky. SJ-21/25 -------- Andrew Jones reported in Space News on Nov 30 that the SJ-21 and SJ-25 satellites have separated, following their refuelling experiment. TLEs suggest that the undocking occurred around Nov 24, but that the satellites remained stationkeeping within 1 km until Dec 10. USSF-51 ------- Two more secret payloads, USA 568 and USA 569, were deployed from one of the USSF-51 spacecraft (2024-134) in near-GEO during late Nov. Table of Recent Orbital (and near-Orbital) Launches --------------------------------------------------- Date UT Name Launch Vehicle Site Mission INTL. Catalog Perigee Apogee Incl Notes Nov 13 2055 ESCAPADE Blue New Glenn Canaveral LC36 Mars probe 260A 200 x 3970000 x 29.5 ESCAPADE Gold Mars probe 260B 200 x 3970000 x 29.5 Nov 14 0304 Viasat-3F2 Atlas V 551 Canaveral LC41 Comms 261A 12251 x 23673 x 6.0 Nov 15 0308 Starlink Group 6-89 Falcon 9 Kennedy LC39A Comms 262 257 x 267 x 43.0 Nov 15 0644 Starlink Group 6-85 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 263 258 x 267 x 43.0 Nov 17 0521 Sentinel-6B Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E EO Sci 264 1308 x 1327 x 66.0 Nov 19 0012 Starlink Group 6-94 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 265 261 x 270 x 43.0 Nov 19 0401 Shi Jian 30A/30B/30C Chang Zheng 2C Jiuquan Tech 266 511 x 528 x 51.8 Nov 20 1243 BlackSky Global-33? Electron Mahia LC1A Imaging 267 468 x 477 x 42.0 Nov 21 0339 Starlink Group 6-78 Falcon 9 Kennedy LC39A Comms 268 263 x 272 x 43.0 Nov 21 1055 TJS 21 Chang Zheng 3B Xichang LC2 Sigint? 269A 206 x 40083 x 51.1 Nov 22 0753 Starlink Group 6-79 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 270 263 x 272 x 43.0 Nov 23 0848 Starlink Group 11-30 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 271 256 x 268 x 53.2 Nov 25 0411 Shenzhou 22 Chang Zheng 2F Jiuquan Spaceship 272A 374 x 385 x 41.5 Nov 25 1342 Kosmos-2597/98/99? Angara-1.2 Plesets Comms 273 1491 x 1504 x 82.5 Nov 26 1613 CAS500-3 Nuri Naro Tech 274 582 x 598 x 97.7 E3-TESTER-1 Tech 274 Bicheon Micrograv 274 Sejong-4 ETRISat COSMIC JACK-003 JACK-004 PERSAT01 Hana/Duri INHA-RoSAT K-HERO SPIRONE Nov 27 0927 Soyuz MS-28 Soyuz-2-1a Baykonur LC31 Spaceship 275A 416 x 422 x 51.6 Nov 28 1844 Transporter-15 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Rideshare 276 512 x 514 x 97.4 Formosat-8A Imaging 276 562 x 591 x 97.6 R5-S7 Tech 276 -79?x 568 x 97.6 Nov? USA 568 USSF-51, GSO Unknown 24134K USA 569 Unknown 24134L Nov 30 1220 Shi Jian 28 Chang Zheng 7A Wenchang LC201 Tech? 277A 204 x 35806 x 14.4 Dec 1 0744 Starlink Group 6-86 Falcon 9 Kennedy LC39A Comms 278 259 x 262 x 43.0 Dec 1 1721 Kompsat-7 Vega-C Kourou ELV Imaging 279A 565 x 578 x 97.6 Dec 2 0528 Starlink Group 15-10 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 280 260 x 265 x 70.0 Dec 2 0810 DUPLEX ISS, LEO Tech 98067 Dec 2 0820 ContentCube Tech 98067 RHOK-SAT ISS, LEO Tech 98067 SilverSat Tech 98067 CU-Alpha Tech 98067 Dec 2 0950 EagleSat-2 ISS, LEO Tech 98067 Foras Promineo Tech 98067 Dec 2 2218 Starlink Group 6-95 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 281 260 x 262 x 43.0 Dec 3 0400 Zhuque-3 Payload Zhuque-3 Jiuquan LC43/96B Test 282A 144 x 1287 x 57.0 Dec 4 2042 Starlink Group 11-25 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 283 258 x 259 x 53.2 Dec 5 0900 Jiaotong VDES A Kuaizhou-1A Jiuquan LC43/95A Comms 284A 503 x 514 x 80.4 Jiaotong VDES B Comms 284B 496 x 514 x 80.4 Dec 6 0753 WHWD 14 (SatNet LEO 14) Chang Zheng 8A Hainan CLS LC1 Comms 285 866 x 878 x 50.0 Dec 7 1758 Starlink Group 11-15 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 286 262 x 263 x 53.2 Dec 8 2211 WHWD 15 (SatNet LEO 15) Chang Zheng 6A Taiyuan Comms 287 995?x1006?x86.5 Dec 8 2226 Starlink Group 6-92 Falcon 9 Kennedy LC39A Comms 288 264 x 266 x 43.0 Dec 9 0341 Yaogan 47 Chang Zheng 4B Jiuquan Imaging 289A 492 x 496 x 97.5 Dec 9 1508 TJS 22 Chang Zheng 3B Xichang Sigint? 290A 165 x 34517 x 28.5 Dec 9 1916 USA 590 (INTRUDER?) Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Sigint 291A 1008 x 1207 x 63.4 Dec 10 0403 UAE-513 Lijian-1 Jiuquan Imaging 292 543 x 562 x 97.7 Jilin-1 GF07B,C,D Dongpo-15 Yuxing 2-09 Yixian-A SPNeX Slippers2Sat Dec 10 1140 Starlink Group 15-11 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 293 260 x 265 x 70.0 Dec 11 2201 Starlink Group 6-90 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 294 262 x 273 x 43.0 Dec 11 2300 WHWD 16 (SatNet LEO 16) Chang Zheng 12 Hainan CLS LC2 Comms 295 796 x 811 x 50.0 Dec 13 0108 Dier-5 Kuaizhou-11 Jiuquan Micrograv 296B 504 x 527 x 41.4 Xi Wang 5-2 Comms? 296A 506 x 526 x 41.4 Dec 14 0309 RAISE-4 Electron Mahia LC1B Tech 297A 537 x 553 x 97.5 Dec 14 0549 Starlink Group 15-12 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 298 254 x 269 x 70.0 Dec 15 0525 Starlink Group 6-82 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 299 262 x 272 x 43.0 Dec 16 0317 Zi Yuan 3-04 Chang Zheng 4B Taiyuan Imaging 300 484 x 499 x 97.5 Dec 16 0828 Amazon Leo LA04 Atlas V 551 Canaveral LC41 Comms 301 455 x 461 x 51.9 Dec 17 0501 Galileo FOC FM33/34 Ariane 62 Kourou ELA4 Nav 302 22923 x 22967 x 54.2 Dec 17 1342 Starlink Group 6-99 Falcon 9 Kennedy LC39A Comms 303 263 x 273 x 43.0 Dec 17 1527 Starlink Group 15-13 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Comms 304 257 x 269 x 70.0 Dec 18 0503 DiskSat 1 to 4 Electron MARS LA0C Tech 305 545 x 551 x 45.0 Dec 20 1230 TJS 23 Chang Zheng 5 Wenchang LC101 Sigint? 306 210 x 45721 x 16.4 Dec 21 0636 QPS-SAR-15 Electron Mahia LC1B Radar 307 569 x 583 x 42.0 Dec 22 0151 Michibiki-5 H3 22S Tanegashima Nav U06 109 x 441 x 30.1 Dec 23 0113 Jussara-K HANBIT-NANO Alcantara Tech F09 -6378 x 1 Pion-BR2 Tech F09 -6378 x 1 Floripasat-2a Tech F09 -6378 x 1 Floripasat-2b Tech F09 -6378 x 1 Solaras-S2 Tech F09 -6378 x 1 Dec 23 0200 Dummy payload Chang Zheng 12A Jiuquan Tech? 308A 204 x 241 x 69.7 Dec 24 0325 BlueBird-6 LVM3 Satish Dhawan SLP Comms 309A 506 x 520 x 53.0 Dec 25 1411 Obzor-R No. 1 Soyuz-2-1a Plesetsk Radar 310A 217 x 633 x 98.0 Dec 25 2326 WHWD 17 Chang Zheng 8A Hainan CLS Comms 311 Dec 26 1609 Fengyun-4 03 Chang Zheng 3B Xichang Weather 312A 191 x 35843 x 28.4 Dec 28 1318 Aist-2T No. 1, No. 2 Soyuz-2-1b/Fregat Vostochniy Imaging 313 50 small sats Dec 30 0412 Tianhui-7 Chang Zheng 4B Jiuquan Imaging 314A 480 x 489 x 97,4 Dec 30 2240 Shi Jian 29A/29B Chang Zheng 7A Wenchang Tech 315 220 x 35815 x 19.4 Jan 3 0209 CSG 3 Falcon 9 Vandenberg SLC4E Radar 01A 622 x 627 x 97.9 Jan 4 0648 Starlink Group 6-88 Falcon 9 Canaveral LC40 Comms 02 258 x 268 x 43.0 Table of Recent Suborbital Launches ----------------------------------- On Dec 20 New Shepard NS-37 flew to about 107 km apogee with space travellers 767 to 772: Bruce Milch, Michi Benthaus, Hans Koenigsmann, Adonis Pourolis, Jason Stansell, and Joseph Hyde. Flight time 10m20s. Nov 5 0935 Mk 12/21 RV? Minuteman 3 Vandenberg LF09/10? Op. Test 1300? Kwajalein Nov 7 0335 RV Hwasong-7? Taegwan,N Korea Test 200? Sea of Japan Nov 12 0405 MAPHEUS 16 Red Kite/Red Kite Kiruna Microgravity 267 ESRANGE Nov 18 1300 VAN HASTE Wallops LA0C Hypersonic 200? Atlantic Nov 18 1006 GHOST Terrier I.Malemute Andoya Atmos. 268 Norwegian Sea Nov 19 1400 SL-18 SpaceLoft-XL Spaceport America Micrograv 116 White Sands? Nov 23 0952 RENU 3 Oriole IV Andoya Atmos. 470 Norwegian Sea Dec 20 1415 NS-37 New Shepard W Texas Tourist 107 W Texas Dec 23 RV K-4 INS-S74, Bay of Bengal Test 500? Indian Ocean .-------------------------------------------------------------------------. | Jonathan McDowell | | | Somerville MA 02143 USA | inter : planet4589 at gmail | | and | twitter: @planet4589 | | Bromley, UK | | | | JSR: https://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html | | Back issues: https://www.planet4589.org/space/jsr/back | | Subscribe/unsub: to be updated soon | '-------------------------------------------------------------------------'