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Jonathan's Space Report
No. 849 draft                                                     2025 Aug 17    Somerville, MA, USA
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Library Relocation
------------------

The date of my departure to the UK is slipping at about the rate that the JWST launch date used to slip.
Still hoping for a positive update in about a month, but looks likely that I won't be moving till the new year.

International Space Station
---------------------------

Expedition 73 continues.

On Aug 24 Dragon cargo mission CRS-33 was launched by Falcon 9 from Canaveral. The Dragon trunk
is equipped with a new propulsion system featuring two Draco thrusters to help with ISS orbit reboosts.
The Dragon carries the J-SSOD 32 deployer with five Japanese university/amateur cubesats.

CRS-33 docked at IDA-2 at 1105 UTC Aug 25.

Starship Flight 10
------------------

SpaceX carried out the 10th flight test of Starship on 2025 Aug 26, with liftoff 
of Booster 16 and Ship 37 around 2330:03 UTC. The booster reached an altitude of about 90 km,
flying successfully despite one unplanned engine shutdown. It completed successful
hot-staging at T+2m44s, and performed a boostback burn from T+2:50 to T+2:37. The hotstage
ring was jettisoned at 70 km altitude at T+4:47. Booster performed a landing burn
to reach a low velocity touchdown in the Gulf of Mexico at T+6:50.

Ship 37 completed its ascent with shutdown at T+8:53 into an orbit with 192 km apogee.
I estimate the perigee to have been +2 plus or minus 7 km. Since the perigee is within
the atmosphere, I do not characterize the flight as orbital, but 'marginally orbital'.
It will not be cataloged by Space Force or given an international designation; I give
it one of my 'special' launch designations, 2025-U03.

The Ship carried eight dummy Starlink V3 satellites which were deployed
from the payload bay at approximately T+19:20, T+19:50, T+21:00,
T+21:35, T+22:42, T+23:18, T+24:24, and T+25:00. The deployments looked
a bit rickety, with some hitting the door on the way out,  but
apparently were successful overall. The dummy sats were on the same 2 x
192 km trajectory and were destroyed on reentry over the Indian Ocean  near 76E 26S at
about 0017 UTC Aug 27.

Ship reached its 192 km apogee at T+23 min. On descent passing through
145 km (T+37:50), it made a brief Raptor restart burn,  perhaps around
22 m/s posigrade, increasing the orbit from around 2 x 192 km to 47 x
220 km. 

Ship passed the 120 km nominal entry interface at T+42min. At 90 km
(T+47:00) part of the aft skirt suffered a structural failure and
disintegrated. However, despite this and some heat damage to the flaps,
the flight continued in a controlled manner, with a soft vertical
touchdown on the Indian Ocean near 107E 19S at T+1:06:30 (0036:38 UTC).
As expected, about 8 seconds later the Ship toppled over and exploded.


Starlink launches
------------------

Starlink Group 17-5 (24 Ku sats) was launched on Aug 18 from Vandenberg.
Starlink Group 17-6 (24 Ku sats) was launched on Aug 22 from Vandenberg.
Starlink Group 10-56 (28 Ku sats) was launched on Aug 27 from Canaveral.

Other F9 launches
------------------

On Aug 22 SpaceX launched a Falcon 9 from Kennedy carrying OTV-8, the eight flight of the US Space
Force X-37B robot spaceplane. A secondary payload with an unknown mission, LIMASAT, was
also placed in orbit, probably ejected from the OTV service module.

On Aug 26 SpaceX launched a Falcon 9 from Vandenberg with the Luxembourg government's NAOS
imaging satellite. NAOS is owned by the Luxembourg Ministry of the Armed Forces and operated by LUXEOPs
(a RHEA System, LUXSPACE and OHB consortium).  Several rideshare payloads were also carried
aboard a Transporter-9-class dispenser: Pelican 3 and 4 (300a and 300b) for Planet
were deployed in the same orbit as NAOS. The remaining payloads were deployed after
two further stage 2 burns: Firefly 4, 5 and 6
for Pixxel (India), LEAP-1, a hosted payload carrier for Dhruva Space (India), and Capella 16 (Acadia 6),
an X-band radar sat for Capella Space.


SAST launches
-------------

SAST (CASC 8th Academy, Shanghai) launched a CZ-4C from Xichang on Aug 17 with the Shiyan 28B-02 satellite,
built by SECM.

SAST launched a CZ-6A from Taiyuan on Aug 17 with the Weixing Hulianwang Digui 09 zu Weixing (SatNet
LEO Group 9) satellites, built by CAST.

CALT launches
-------------

CALT (CASC 1st Academy. Beijing) launched a CZ-8A from Hainan on Aug 25 with the Weixing Hulianwang Digui 10 zu
Weixing (SatNet LEO Group 10) satellites.

CAS Space launches
-------------------

CAS Space's Lijian-1 flight Y10 was launched from Jiuquan on Aug 19, placing seven sats in orbit:

  AIRSAT-05 (Zhongke-1 05 = Haishao 2), an X-band radar sat for Zhongke Weixing Keji Jituan
  Tianyan-26, an imaging remote sensing sat for Navi Beidou IT Co Ltd (Xi'an) and Tianlian Cekong Jihsu.
  Duogongfeng 2-01, 2-02, 2-03, test satellites (possibly with student experiments?) from the PLA Academy of
    Military Science and the National University of Defense Technology.
  ThumbSat-1 and 2,  0.1 kg femtosatellites from ThumbSat (Tijuana, Mexico).

Bion-M
------

On Aug 20 Roskosmos launched a Soyuz-2-1b with the Bion-M No. 2 spacecraft.
Bion-M No. 2 consists of a recoverable cabin using the venerable Vostok sphere design, with a Yantar-class service module.
The cabin has a life sciences payload including 75 mice.

Angara-1.2
-----------

On Aug 21 the Russian Defense Ministry launched four small satellites aboard an Angara-1.2 rocket
to a 0110 LTDN sun-synch orbit. Three of the satellites were tracked in a 321 x 337 km x 96.6 deg orbit.
Space Force reports one object in a 287 x 957 km orbit, which is unexpected and I'll be looking for
updated orbit data to confirm this.

Electron
---------

On Aug 24 Rocket Lab launched an Electron from Mahia carrying five secret commercial satellites.
The satellites are likely either for Echostar Australia or E-Space.


Table of Recent Orbital (and near-Orbital) Launches
---------------------------------------------------

Date UT       Name			          Launch Vehicle	 Site		 Mission  INTL.  Catalog  Perigee Apogee  Incl	 Notes

Aug 13 0037   METOP SG-A1                              Ariane 62          Kourou            Weather 172 802 x 806 x 97.7
Aug 13 0056   USA 554                                  Vulcan VC4S        Canaveral LC41    Tech  173    35700 x 35800 x 0?
              NTS 3                                                                         Nav   173    35700 x 35800 x 0?
Aug 13 0643   Weixing Hulianwang Digui 08              Chang Zheng 5B/YZ2 Wenchang LC101    Comms 174  1080 x 1110 x 86.5
Aug 14 0505   Starlink Group 17-4                      Falcon 9           Vandenberg SLC4E  Comms 175  265 x 278 x 97.6
Aug 14 1229   Starlink Group 10-20                     Falcon 9           Canaveral LC40    Comms 176  264 x 275 x 53.2
Aug 15 0117   Weixing Hulianwang Jishu 07              Zhuque-2           Jiuquan LC96A     Unk   F07  -5000?x500? x50
Aug 17 0855   Shiyan 28B-02                            Chang Zheng 4C     Xichang LC3     EO Sci? 177A 792 x 797 x 11.0
Aug 17 1415   Weixing Hulianwang Digui 09              Chang Zheng 6A     Taiyuan           Comms 178  985 x 1010 x 86.5
Aug 18 1627   Starlink Group 17-5                      Falcon 9           Vandenberg SLC4E  Comms 179  265 x 278 x 97.6
Aug 19 0733   Zhongke-1 05 (Haishao-2)                 Lijian-1           Jiuquan           Radar 180  520 x 540 x 97.5
              Tianyan-26                                                                   Imaging 180
              DGS 2-01                                                                      Tech?  180
              DGS 2-02                                                                      Tech?  180
              DGS 2-03                                                                      Tech?  180
              ThumbSat-1                                                                    Tech   180
              ThumbSat-2                                                                    Edu    180
Aug 20 1713   Bion-M No. 2                             Soyuz-2-1b          Baykonur LC31   LifeSci 181A 191 x 347 x 96.9
Aug 21 0932   Kosmos  (4)                              Angara 1.2          Plesetsk       Imaging? 182  321 x 337 x 96.6
Aug 22 0350   X-37B OTV-8                              Falcon 9            Kennedy LC39A  Spaceplane 183A 327 x 334 x 49.5
              LIMASAT                                                                     Unknown    183B 334 x 339 x 49.4
Aug 22 1704   Starlink Group 17-6                      Falcon 9           Vandenberg SLC4E  Comms  184  266 x 280 x 97.6
Aug 23 2242   UNKNOWN                                  Electron            Mahia LC1A       ?      185A 654 x 668 x 98.0
Aug 24 0645   Dragon CRS-33                            Falcon 9            Canaveral LC40   Cargo  186A 374 x 377 x 51.6
Aug 25 1908   Weixing Hulianwang Digui 10              Chang Zheng 8A      Hainan LC1       Comms  187  866 x 877 x 50.0
Aug 26 1853   NAOS                                     Falcon 9           Vandenberg SLC4E Imaging 188A  458 x 464 x 97.3
              Firefly 4, 5, 6                                                              Imaging 188  595 x 603 x 97.8
              Pelican 300a and 300b                                                        Imaging 188  458 x 464 x 97.3
              LEAP-1                                                                       Tech    188  595 x 603 x 97.8
              Capella 16                                                                   Radar   188  595 x 603 x 97.8
Aug 26 2330   Starship 37 (FT10)                       Starship           Starbase OLP1    Test    U03   2? x 192 x 26.5
Aug 27 1110   Starlink Group 10-56                     Falcon 9           Canaveral LC40   Comms   189  262 x 276 x 53.2
Aug 28 0812   Starlink Group 10-11                     Falcon 9           Kennedy LC39A    Comms   190  265 x 276 x 53.2

Table of Recent Suborbital Launches
-----------------------------------

Aug 12 1000   RockSat-X         Terrier Imp.Mal.    Wallops              Education       160?    Atlantic
Aug 20        Agni RV           Agni V              Chandipur IC 4       Test            800     Indian Ocean
Aug 22 0610   CPS FT-3R?        STARS ICBM-T1?      Kodiak               Hypersonic      500?    Kwajalein
Aug 28 0243   TOMEX+ 41.123CE   Terrier Imp.Orion   Wallops LA2 ARC      Atmospheric     154?    Atlantic
Aug 28 0244   TOMEX+ 41.124CE   Terrier Imp.Orion   Wallops LA2 MRL      Atmospheric     154?    Atlantic
Aug 28 0248   TOMEX+ 36.335CE   Black Brant 9       Wallops LA2 50K      Atmospheric     135?    Atlantic


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|  Jonathan McDowell                 |                                    |
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